Abstract

In this study, the microbiological characteristics of home made cheese samples sold in Muðla open air market were analyzed. For this purpose, 26 cheese samples were taken. The average quantity of total aerob meshophil bacteria 1.0x108 cfu/g, Coliform group bacteria 3.2x105 cfu/g, Escherichia coli %53.2, Staphylococcus aureus 1.3x104 cfu/g, Psychhrophilic bacteria 3.0 x 104 cfu/g, Proteolytic bacteria %92.3, Yeast and mold 1.0x106 cfu/g were found but Salmonella spp. was not found. As a conclusion, the exammined home made cheese samples were inadequate in regards of microbiological characteristics.

Keywords: Cheese, microbiological characteristic.

Abstract

Drinking water is one of the important sources of fluor, which is known as essential element. Therefore the levels of floride in the drinking water are important because of public health. In this study potansiometric floride measurement was carried out with water samples of Manisa city. Drinking waters which were collected from ten different water supplies were analyzed by floride selective electrode. Mean values of floride concentrations from 7 locations were found to be lower than standart values.

Keywords: Floride, drinking water, ion selective electrode.

Abstract

In this study, the flora of Mersin University campus area is investigated. During the research, general characteristics of climate, soil and geology of the vicinity have been taken into consideration. 29 families, 67 genus and 75 species were identified. It has been determined that 57.34% of the plants collected were perannual plants, 38.60 % of them were annual plants and 4.06 % of them were biannual plants.

Keywords: Flora,Mersim Universty, campus area.

Abstract

This study has been carried out to investigate the chemical properties of the rains in winter in Rize city, Black Sea Region, Turkey. The rain water samples were collected at three stations which are at the coast, in the city center and at about 7 km far of the city center. pH, SO4 -2 NO3 -,NO2-, Ca+2, Mg+2, CO2 and total hardness concentrations of samples were determined. The samples are taken from December 1997 to April 1998 at these three stations. The lowest pH value was 5.5. The highest pollutant concentrations of the rain water samples were determined as follows : 3.26 mg SO4-2 / l,  1.005 mg NO-3 / l, 0.096 mg NO-2 / l, 7 mg Ca+2/ l, 1.33 mg Mg+2/ l, 9 mg CaCO3 / l, 4.4 mg CO2 / l .

Keywords : Rain water, chemical properties, Rize.

Abstract

The application of genetic engineering to agricultural production has resulted in a number of transgenic plants, that were transformed with a foreign gene. To date around 4500 transgenic plants have been tested in the field and about 40 transgenic crops including maize, soybean, cotton, tomato and potatoes have been released and growed commercially. In particular, herbicide resistant and insect resistant species have increased the crop productivity. In addition transgenic plants with improved abiotic stress tolerance are also offering great opportunity for crop production by enabling them to survive in extrem environments. This review gives some examples of transgenic crops which have been commercialized and also discusses the positive and negative features of these plants.

Key words: Genetic engineering, GMO, pesticides, stress tolerance, crop improvement.

Abstract

The control of liquid and gas wastes due to the disposal of wastes on landfill requires some special engineering applications. The technical analysis of the precautions have to be taken during the disposal of municipal, industrial, and hazardous wastes were done. The study mainly involves the following subjects: 1) Waste and the by-products during the degradation of waste 2) The main components of the waste storage plants, 3) The usage of geosynthetics and minerals for pollution control, 4) The comparison of the mineral and synthetic layers, 5) Application examples.

Keywords : Solid waste, leachate, landfill technique.