Abstract

The seasonal and spatial variations of some eutrophication related water quality parameters in Canakkale city coastal water were studied through a seasonal sampling program of three stations between August 2000 and June 2001. In the stations, temperature, N-NH4 +, N-NO3 -, N-NO2 -, P-PO4 -3, Si-SiO2 - and chlorophyll a concentrations of the water were measured. It was determined that during the study period, Chlorophyll a values were always under 2 µg L-1. As a result of the study it was determined that among the five measured inorganic nutrient concentrations, nitrate concentrations were highest during the whole sampling period.

Keywords: Chlorophyll a, Coastal pollution, eutrophication, nutrients.

Abstract

In this paper, water quality of the river Iyidere in between the cities of Rize and Trabzon as a border, in Eastern Black Sea Region which has a rich freshwater capacity was investigated. The study was carried out between November, 2003 and May, 2004. Water samples were taken from the four different stations with 10 km intervals between each other, up to 30 km inwards from the river mouth and up to 263 m altitude from the sea level. Some chemical measurings such as pH, HCO3, CO2, BOI5, Ca, Mg, total hardness, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, suspended matter and alkalinity were performed with the water samples. Moreover, the flowing speed, water temperature, dissolved oxygen in water, saturation of dissolved oxygen in water, conductivity and salinity were also determined. As a result of seven-month sampling, the following characteristics were determined; the average water temperature 7,20°C, BOI5 2,40 mg/L, pH 7.50, electrical conductivity 57.60 µS/cm, dissolved oxygen 11.10 mg/L and the flow speed 2.10 m/s. From the all physical and chemical characteristics points of view, based on the inland water quality standards declared in water pollution law, it is obvious that the river has a high water quality standard (Class 1). Thus, it can be said that Iyidere water can be used not only for drinking purpose by disinfecting it, but also for recreational aims, animal production and other aims. When the results of water analysis is compared with the water quality for aquaculture, it was identified that Iyidere has a good quality without a serious pollution problem, but some nutrients are insufficient for aquaculture in Iyidere.

Keywords: Freshwaters, Iyidere, river, water quality, water pollution.

Abstract

This study deals with Kurtçali hill (485 m) which is located to the western edge of the city of Balikesir urban area. Interesting observations can be done on the research area since a number of positive and negative human impacts and natural response to these impacts can be detected in a short time span. If the human impact had not been present, the natural vegetation would have been sub-humid oak (Quercus) forest. However, longpersisted anthropogenic factors turned the natural vegetation into bush formation. Nature protection and afforesting efforts by the government agencies regenerated the vegetation cover. As a result, the local vegetation groups and species have enriched in the area. This article deals with the vegetation formation of the area as tree, bush, and herbs and pays particular emphasis on the characteristic species of these broad groups. Some life form types were determined for herbaceous species (therophyt, geophyt, hemicryptophyt etc.). In such a small area 165 species belonging to 43 families (7 tree, 23 bush and 135 herbal species) were determined. Beside this diversity, changes in the vegetation cover in a short period of time make the area interesting. The article presents lists of species with their distribution areas, life forms and vegetation periods. The research hopes to demonstrate the positive and negative vegetation cover changes in sucha short time period and pay attention to determined species and richness. It is suggestedthat this area should be preserved and used as a natural laboratory for city residents.

Keywords: Balikesir, floristic observation, reforestation, succession.

Abstract

The experiment was designed to analyse the effect of fly ash resulting from Yatagan Thermal Power Station in Mugla on growth parameters, mineral nutrition and heavy metal content of Zea mays L. Fly ashes, caused by coal used in the station, with a rich mineral content may support plant growth and nutrition. In this experiment, turf and sand were used as main growth media and fly ash were mixed to this at the rate of 6.25, 12.5, 18.75 and 25.00. While fly ash mixture in to the growth media caused the changes on the mineral nutrient contents of the leaves and roots, heavy metal contents of plants did not reached to the toxic level. Although high rate fly ash treatment led to decrease in dry matter, stem diameter, leaf area and total chlorophyll content, low rate ash treatment have positive effects on growth parameters and mineral nutrition.

Keywords: Fly ash, growth, heavy metal, mineral nutrition, maize (Zea mays).

Abstract

The aim of this research is to determine environmental sensitivity of producers and to perform an economic analysis of pesticide use in apple production in Isparta province. The study was carried out in the main apple production villages of Egirdir, Gelendost and Senirkent districts during the 2002-2003 production season. The data used in this study were obtained by questionnaires applied to 109 apple producers. Results of this research show that 32.11% of the producers select pesticides based on their own experiences, while 25.69% of them select pesticides based on suggestions of pesticide distributors. The study revealed that 22.02% of the producers believe that pesticides do not leave residues and 38.53% of them think that the pesticides residues on the products will be removed by washing. It was also determined that 42.20% of the producers dispose used pesticide containers randomly to the environment. The results of this study showed that average usage of pesticide is 2,226 g per decare as an active ingredient. The percentage of used pesticides are 74.32%, 23.43% and 2.25% fungicide, insecticide and acaricides, respectively. It was determined that among the pesticides, fungicides, insecticides, and acaricides were used 5.71%-186%, 14.71%-116.67%, and 12-105.26% more than the recommended dosages, respectively. In the research area, it was calculated that 48.37% of average pesticide cost per decare was due to overuse of pesticides in apple production. It was found out that proportion of plant protection cost in total production cost and variable cost were 21.64% and 29.83%, respectively.

Keywords: Economic analysis, environmental sensitivity, pesticides.