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Ekoloji Issue
63 - 2007
Bioelectrical Properties of Chara gymnophylla Plasmamembrane during Interaction with Cobalt,(Co2+)
Nagi MUSAYEV, Eldeniz ISMAILOV
[Abstract] Full text: (pdf)
Abstract
The regularities of membrane potential (Em) and resistance (Rm) changes of internodal Chara gymnophylla cells' using Co2+ (10-7-10-3M) were investigated by a microelectrode method. The aim of this work was to ascertain the mechanisms that the initial action of Co2+ had on the level of the cell membrane. The primary effect of Co2+ was found to be plasma-lemma hyper polarization, determined by a cation concentration and initial level of Em. The highest value of plasmalemma hyper polarization (45-70mV)was observed on cells with an initial Em= -160mV under the influence of Co2+ in the concentration of 10-3M in the medium. The hyper polarization of plasmalemma was accompanied by an Rm increase up to 50%. The reactions of Em and Rm with the addition of Co2+ to the medium turned out to be irreversible. The restoration of Em and Rm to the initial levels was obtained by the combined addition of Co2+ with 10mM of K+. It seems possible that the Co2+ effects are connected with cation action on passive permeability by the means of weak interaction of the cation with inputs of K+ channels of plasmalemma.
Keywords: Chara gymnophylla, Co2+, membrane potential, membrane resistance.
Türkiye`de Ekolojik Fındık Tarımının Başlaması ve Etkileri Üzerine Bir Örnek: Çamlıca Köyü (Samsun)
Begining and Effect of the Organic Hazelnut Agriculture in Turkiye: One Example from Camlica Village (Samsun)
Semra GÜNAY
[Abstract] Full text: (pdf)
Abstract
Ecological agriculture is being practiced for 13 years in the Camlica Village of Evci District in Terme, Samsun. Hazelnut is one of the key products in the economy of both Black Sea Region and Turkey. The characteristics and experience of Camlica Village is important since it sets a leading example for ecological hazelnut farming in the Black Sea Region which has a great potential for ecological agriculture. In this research the physical and social geography of Camlica Village, the history of ecological hazelnut farming in the village, the conditions under which it is practiced, the changes brought about by ecological farming, and the problems experienced is sought to explain. It is found out that the farmers adopted ecological farming with economic expectations at first, however, there was no increase in wealth due to ecological farming, and they kept on this type of farming with environmental and familial concerns. On the other hand, it is observed that many farmers gained a wider perspective, sensitivity to environmental and health issues, and formed organizations. It is seen that, although it has been a long time since they started ecological farming, the most important problem is the lack of knowledge and training, and the farmers experience marketing problems when they cannot come into
aggreement with export firms.
Keywords: Ecological agriculture, ecological hazelnut farming, economic geography.
Accumulation of Cadmium in the Gill, Liver, Kidney, Spleen, Muscle and Brain Tissues of Cyprinus carpio
Cyprinus carpio`nun Solungaç, Karaciğer, Böbrek, Dalak, Kas ve Beyin Dokularında Kadmiyum Birikimi
Sahire KARAYTUĞ, Cahit ERDEM, Bedii CİCİK
[Abstract] Full text: (pdf)
Abstract
Accumulation of cadmium in the gill, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle and brain tissues of Cyprinus carpio was studied over 1, 3, 15 and 30 days after exposing the animals to 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 ppm of Cd. Experiments were carried out at 25±1oC and 12 hour regimes of light/dark photoperiod was adapted. ICP-AES spectrophotometric methods were used in determining the tissue levels of cadmium. No mortality was observed during the 30 days of experiments at any Cd concentrations tested. Cadmium levels were significantly higher at all the tissues studied compared with the control levels. Kidney tissue was found to be the target organ in accumulating cadmium in C. carpio at the selected concentrations and exposure periods. The following relationship was found among the tissues in accumulating cadmium; Kidney>Gill>Liver>Spleen> Muscle>Brain. It can be concluded that the variation between the tissues in accumulating cadmium might result from the metabolical, structural and functional differences between the tissues studied.
Keywords: Cadmium, Cyprinus carpio, tissue accumulation.
The Segetal Vegetation of Kocaeli Province (Turkey)
Kocaeli İlinin Segetal Vejetasyonu (Türkiye)
Celal YARCI, Memduh SERiN, Volkan ALTAY
[Abstract] Full text: (pdf)
Abstract
The segetal vegetation of Kocaeli province (Turkey) was found by using the Braun- Blanquet's method in this study. The study was carried out between 2003-2004, and a total of 222 cereal fields (wheat, oats, barley and corn) were searched. The aim of this study is analizing the segetal vegetation and classifying as associations in the cereal fields in Kocaeli Province. We have defined four associations in the result of this study. One of them is new for the scientific world, the four associations:
1. Hordeeto-Sisymbrietum orientalis
2. Onopordetum acanthii
3. Sclerochloa dura-Coronopus squamatus
4. Rumici conglomerati-Legousietum speculi -veneris ass. nov.
Keywords: Cereal fields, Kocaeli, phytosociology, Turkey.
Adi Mayıs Böceği (Melolontha melolontha, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)`nin Biyolojik Kontrol Ajanının Araştırılması
The Investigation of Biological Control Agent of Summer Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Kazım SEZEN, Zihni DEMİRBAĞ
[Abstract] Full text: (pdf)
Abstract
Summer cockchafer, Melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is one of the most important pests. Up to now, because of hazardous effects of the chemical pesticides have been mostly utilized to control this pest, the development of biological control agents is necessary. For this reason, the bacterial flora and viral infection of this insect were investigated, and the insecticidal effects of bacterial and viral isolate were tested. At the end of the studies, bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas sp. (Mm1), Bacillus thuringiensis (Mm2), Pseudomonas sp. (Mm3), Enterobacter sp. (Mm4), B. sphaericus (Mm5), Acinetobacter sp. (Mm6) and B. weihenstephanensis (Mm7). And also, a viral infection was determined. It was identified with microscobic and molecular studies as insect virus belong to entomopoxvirus group. Entomopoxvirus formed the highest insecticidal effecton M. melolontha (93.3%). The highest insecticidal effects in bacterial isolates were formed by B. weihenstephanensis and B. thuringiensis (80%). The viral and bacterial isolates could be utilized as control agent in biological control of M. melolontha.
Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis, biological control, entomopoxvirus, Melolontha melolontha.
Bencik Dağı (Yatağan-Muğla) Florası
Flora of Bencik Mountain (Yatağan-Muğla)
Hediye AKTAŞ AYTEPE, Ömer VAROL
[Abstract] Full text: (pdf)
Abstract
The research area is located in Yatağan district of Muğla province. In this study, during the period 2003-2005, by evaluating the collected 844 plant specimens, 65 families, 264 genera, 407 species, 12 subspecies and 2 varieties were identified. The total number of taxa is 421. Twenty-four of the 421 taxa are new records for the C2 square. The number of endemic plants is 38 (9.02%). The distribution rates of taxa into phytogeographical regions are as follows: Mediterranean elements 171 (40.62%), Irano- Turanien elements 18 (4.28%), Euro-Siberian elements 8 (1.9%) and unknown or cosmopolits 212 (50.35%).
Keywords: Bencik Mountain, flora, Mugla, Turkey.
Zonguldak-Dirgine Ormanlarında Yeni Bir Anıt Ağaç: Elemen Karaçamı
Elemen Black Pine, a New Monumental Tree in Dirgine Forests Zonguldak
Barbaros YAMAN, Metin SARIBAŞ
[Abstract] Full text: (pdf)
Abstract
Turkey has monumental Black Pine trees among a great variety of monumental trees recorded in the literature. The old Black Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) in Elemen Plateau of Dirgine in Zonguldak, the monumental properties of which haven't been studied until now, is the subject of the present investigation. The Elemen Black Pine has no folkloric, historical and mystic properties. However, since its Present Monumental Point (PMP) is higher than Minimal Monumental Point (MMPspecies) of Black Pines, it is a dimensional monument tree. Elemen Black Pine should be considered important as a new addition to the monumental tree inventory of Black Sea Region of Turkey, and it should be registered officially as a dimensional monumental tree by Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Repuclic of Turkey.
Keywords: Monumental tree, Pinus nigra.
A Beneficiated Method for Assessment of Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Water
Anna Aleksandrovna RATUSHNYAK, Marina Gennad`evna ANDREEVA, Maxim Victorovich TRUSHIN
[Abstract] Full text: (pdf)
Abstract
Toxicological testing is used for forecasting the influences of various pollutants on living organisms as well as for the evaluation of water toxicity. However, in many standardized techniques some seasonal and environmental factors are not taken into consideration. Here we present a new method for accurate analysis, which allows a 2- fold increase in the accuracy of toxicological analysis by means of appreciating seasonal features and the components of natural water.
Keywords: Acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, Daphnia magna, pollutant, survival, reproduction.
The Emissions and Environmental Impact of Power Plants Operating on Fossil Fuel at Distt. Kasur, Pakistan
Mahboob ALI, Makshoof ATHAR, Ehsan ALI
[Abstract] Full text: (pdf)
Abstract
A comprehensive assessment of four power plants operating on fossil fuel (Diesel Power Plant) was conducted near the industrial area of Raiwind, Distt. Kasur, Pakistan. The installed capacity of these power plants is 117 MW, 112 MW, 90 MW, and 60MW respectively. The emissions of all the engines of the individual plants were monitored for six months at an interval of fifteen days. The emissions of priority pollutants Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) were monitored. The emission results of the four plants were compared and some of the pollutant parameters were found higher when compared with local National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) as well as the World Bank guidelines for Power Plants. The ground level ambient air quality at 1 km downwind was also monitored for 24 hours at each individual plant site to evaluate the impact of these pollutants on ambient air quality.
Keywords: Air pollution, CO, NOx, SO2, TSP, heavy metals, power plant emission.
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