Abstract

This study was carried out to determine some limnological features of Selevir Dam Lake located on Kali creek in Şuhut borough of Afyonkarahisar. The study has been carried out for 12 months starting from January 2001. In the study period, water specimens were taken from surface, 7m, and 14 m depth, respectively, from three stations collected monthly intervals. The average values of water parameters were found as follows: water temperature 13.01^oC, light permeability 2.9 m, pH 8.21, dissolved oxygen 8.25 mg/L, total hardness 14.72 mg/L, electrical conductivity 294,41 µS cm^-1, The cations order; NH₄⁺> Ca⁺²>Mg⁺²>Na⁺>K^+, and the anions were HCO₃^->NO₂^->Cl^->SO₄⁼>NO₃^->PO₄⁼, respectively. When its physico-chemical analyses results evaluated regarding to water pollution control regulation (WPCR), it was shown as the first class in accordance to average water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, sodium, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic material content and the 3rd class in accordance to its nitrit and phosphate contents. It could also be classified as medium hard water in terms of hardness value. These results suggested that although some parameters of the water are near to the limit values, its overall quality was found to be suitable for fish living. According to nitrite and phosphate values, Selevir Dam Lake was found to be at limit value for eutrophication control. Therefore, there is a need to redevelope the strategies of protection, utilization, and implementation of continuous monitoring program peculiar to this area.

Abstract

The determination of the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton populations contribute to set up lake management strategies. It was aimed to investigate the biomass of phytoplankton of large and shallow Lake Beyşehir. The lake was sampled monthly from four selected stations and surface, mid and deep layers between March and December 2007. The phytoplankton biomass was estimated from counted cell size. A total of 119 phytoplankton species from Bacillariophyta (42), Chlorophyta (48), Chrysophyta (1), Cryptophyta (4), Cyanobacteria (9), Pyrrophyta (5) and Euglenophyta (10) were identified. Total phytoplankton biomass consisted of Bacillariophyta (53%), Chlorophyta (27%), Chrysophyta (3%), Cryptophyta (2%), Cyanobacteria (10%), Pyrrophyta (4%) and Euglenophyta (2%). Mean values of chlorophyll a, total phosphorus and Secchi depth were measured as 8.24±2.08 mg/m³, 10.46±6.20 mg/m³ and 1.08±0.35 m, respectively. Dissolved oxygen was measured between 6.36±0.06 and 11.63±0.06 mg/l. pH varied between 7.80±0.01 and 8.92±0.01. Water temperature changed between 5.3^oC and 27.8^oC. In the study period, phytoplankton biomass of Lake Beyşehir varied between 0.40±0.11 and 6.43±1.00 mg/L. The mean phytoplankton biomass (1.98±1.18 mg/L) of the lake pointed out mesotrophy and good ecological quality class.

Keywords: Biomass, chlorophyll a, Lake Beysehir, phytoplankton, total phosphorus.

Abstract

Eutrophication processes and changes in coastal ecosystem are determined by the coastal/open sea interactions and rates of nutrient pollution. The Cilician Basin shelf waters are affected not only by intense industrial activities and increased population, but also by complex atmosphere-sea-land interactions. There is a recognizable difference between water qualities of Mersin bay coastal and the Cilician open waters depleted in nutrients. Eutrophic conditions have developed in the eastern bay shallow waters heavily polluted by land-based inputs during the last few decades. In the present study, basic chemical parameters measured seasonally in water column during the 8 field surveys, as a part of TUBITAK project, in the period of November 2005-September 2007, have been evaluated. Cilician coastal waters were always poor in reactive phosphate (0.02-0.05 µM) throughout the year. However, there is a distinct decrease and seasonal changes in total phosphorus (TP) levels from the polluted inner bay (0.15-0.20 µM) to the Cilician open waters (0.05-0.07 µM). The surface TRIX index values, computed from % dissolved oxygen saturation, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, TP and chlorophyll-a concentrations, increase from <2 (oligotrophic property) in the Cilicial open water to levels of 3-6 in the pollutted coastal zone. In the shallow zone between Mersin Harbour and Seyhan delta, where large amounts of nutrients are discharged and TRIX values consistently >4 (showing tendency from mesotrophic to eutrophic propery), biomass level is high and the Secchi Disc depth varies between 1.5-3 meters.

İskenderun inner bay waters have low levels of organic and TRIX<3, indicating mesotrpohic property and the presence of continuous interaction with the outer bay waters during the year.

Keywords: Chlorophyll-a, Cilician Basin, total phosphorus, TRIX index.

Abstract

In parallel with the development of biotechnology, the production of organic and biochemical substances by fermentation process is one of the most current issue of our age’s technology. Many chemical substances widely used in various industrial fields, such as organic solvents, antibiotics and enzymes that are produced by microorganisms in fermentation processes. Many common organic acids such as citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid and salicylic acid used in food, pharmaceutical, chemical, textile, plastics, cosmetics and paper industries can be produced by fermentation.

In the present study, L(+) lactic acid was produced from refectory wastes through fermentation process and fermentation process was optimized for the maximum lactic acid yield. Process variables for batch system were optimized for the production of lactic acid from pretreated macaroni-milk and rice-green pea-salad broths by L. casei culture. For the fermentation of the macaroni-milk and rice-green pea-salad broths with L. casei culture, 42.16 g/L and 41.56 g/L lactic acid were obtained with 80% and 83% conversion efficiency when medium pH was set to 6.0, temperature was held at 45^oC, agitated at 160 rpm.

Abstract

In this study, from June to July 2007, habitat type and characteristics of Microtus anatolicus an endemic species of the Anatolia was investigated. Of the caught 79 samples, 63 (29 ♂♂+34 ♀♀) were dead individuals and 16 (7 ♂♂+9 ♀♀) were alive from four localities (Kozan, Bozdoğan, Cevizli ve Dereköy). Also Cevizli ve Dereköy are first records for species. There were no differences between sexes for snaptrapping and livetrapping (χ²_snaptrapping= 0.20; df= 1; p= 0.66 ve χ²_livetrapping= 0.13; df= 1; p=0.72). On the other hand, there were strong positive correlations between the capture frequencies in traps (snap and livetrap), also population density and the altitude of localities (r_snaptrapping=0.742; n=4; p=0.023, r_snaptrapping=0.785; n=4; p=0.037 ve r_density=0.933; n=6; p=0.009). M. anatolicus lives in dry and narrow nesting areas at small colonies. In the areas, observed that nesting in with slopes of 0-20° at sunny south-facing areas. All of 63 dead and all of 16 alive individuals were caught on the south-facing (south, southeast, and southwest) exposures, but not north-facing areas. Also 98.94% of population density in South-facing areas.

Abstract

Caddebostan beaches are one of the most important recreational area in Anatolian side of Istanbul. Microbiologically investigation of fecal contaminants will be most important for public health.

In our study, we aim to investigate Enterococcus spp. that marked of the source of fecal pollution in autumn (October), winter (January), and especially summer (June, July, August) by culture-based traditional and molecular methods such as plate count and Q-PCR method respectively.

Enterococcus spp. expressed at last 8 days of fecal pollution because of its resistant in literature. Fecal pollution may be changed with some parameters such as weather, precipitation (snow, raining, vs.), wind. Because of this reason, including the day of the sample collected until the 8 days before the sample collection date reports of the weather was compared with results from the samples. The number of Enterococcus spp. was accelerated in summer months. Logarithmic positive correlation was found between classical and molecular methods.

Keywords: Enterococcus spp., Fecal pollution, Plate count methods, Q-PCR.

Abstract

The aspect of producing leather and textile products without impacting on the ecological balance, affecting both human and environmental health, is an important focal point to be pursued. Therefore, to address some of these issues a study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of dyeing leather with madder, which is a 100% natural dyestuff from the extract of Rubia tinctorum and ascertain its friendly attributes to the environment. Treatment designs in the study included pre and post mordanting methods which were applied to selected types of leather and subsequently subjected to three different mordants: potassium aluminium sulphate [KAI(SO₄)₂.12H₂O], copper sulphate [CuSO₄.5H₂O] and ferro sulphate [FeSO₄.7H₂O]. This approach was done to potentially obtain different colors and improve color fastnesses. In this study, the investigation was based on two primary source of tanned material, chrome and vegetable tanned leathers. Color measurements of the dyed leathers were carried out using a Minolta CM-508d brand spectrophotometer. On the other hand, dyestuff exhaustions were determined using a Shimadzu UV-1601 PC UV-Visible spectrophotometer. On the finished leather products, parameters such as color fastness to rubbing was determined with, the TS EN ISO 11640, color fastness to perspiration with, the TS EN ISO 11641, and color fastness to light with, the ISO 105-B02 standard method. Moreover these parameters were comparatively analysed and reported. The results eventually indicated that the obtained color and color fastness values varied according to; the type of tanning method, mordanting method, and mordant type. Most of the result values obtained were generally at satisfactory levels which were between 3/4 and 5 fastness values. Different extraction methods, different mordants, and mordanting methods to be carried out in future are suggested so as to optimize the results of the current study.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was the pseudo-alpine vegetation of Kazdağı mountain, which has a high number of endemic and rare plant species, as a result of the presence of different geological massives, and is an important gene center. The pseudo-alpine meadows of the Kazdağı containing siliceous and calcareous mother rocks was investigated according to, the classical Braun-Blanquet method between 2003 and 2006 and evaluated with Correspondence analysis (CA) and unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA).

Two new endemic associations described in the area; Armerio trojanae-Hypericetum kazdaghense and Diantho trojanus-Sideridetum trojanae attached to the alliance Trifolion parnassi Quézel 1964.

Keywords: Endemic association, Kazdağı, pseudo-alpine vegetation, syntaxonomy, Turkey.